| Sherbrooke | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| — City — | |||||
| Ville de Sherbrooke | |||||
| Wellington Street North | |||||
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| Nickname(s): Queen of the Eastern Townships | |||||
| Motto: Ne quid nimis | |||||
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Sherbrooke
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| Coordinates: | |||||
| Country | Canada | ||||
| Province | Quebec | ||||
| Region | Estrie | ||||
| Settled | 1793 | ||||
| Electoral Districts Federal |
Sherbrooke |
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| Provincial | Sherbrooke | ||||
| Government | |||||
| • Mayor | Bernard Sévigny | ||||
| • Governing body | Sherbrooke City Council | ||||
| • Federal MP(s) | Pierre-Luc Dusseault (NDP) | ||||
| • Quebec MNA(s) | Jean Charest (PLQ) | ||||
| Area | |||||
| • City | 353.46 km2 (136.5 sq mi) | ||||
| • Metro | 1,231.86 km2 (475.6 sq mi) | ||||
| Highest elevation | 378 m (1,240 ft) | ||||
| Lowest elevation | 128 m (420 ft) | ||||
| Population (2006)[1][2] | |||||
| • City | 147,427 | ||||
| • Density | 417.1/km2 (1,080.3/sq mi) | ||||
| • Metro | 186,952 | ||||
| • Metro density | 151.8/km2 (393.2/sq mi) | ||||
| • Change (2001-06) | 6.2% | ||||
| • Dwellings | 70,444 | ||||
| Time zone | EST (UTC-5) | ||||
| • Summer (DST) | EDT (UTC-4) | ||||
| Postal code(s) | J1E, J1G, J1H, J1J, J1K, J1L, J1M, J1N, J1R |
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| Area code(s) | 819 | ||||
| Access Routes[3] A-10 A-55 A-410 A-610 |
Route 112 Route 108 Route 143 Route 216 Route 220 Route 222 |
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| Telephone Exchanges | -212 239 340 345-9 432 434 437 446 542 560 -6 569 570 - 4 575 577 | ||||
| GNBC Code | EIDHN | ||||
| NTS Map | 021E05 | ||||
| Website | City of Sherbrooke | ||||
Sherbrooke (2006 population: 147,427)[1] is a city in southern Quebec, Canada. Sherbrooke is situated at the confluence of the Saint-François (St. Francis) and Magog rivers in the heart of the Estrie administrative region. Sherbrooke is also the name of a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality (TE) and census division (CD) of Quebec, coextensive with the city of Sherbrooke. With 155,583 residents in 2010,[4] Sherbrooke was the sixth largest city in the province of Quebec. The Sherbrooke Census Metropolitan Area had 197,299 inhabitants,[5] making it the fourth largest metropolitan area in Quebec and twentieth largest in Canada.
Sherbrooke is the primary economic, political, cultural and institutional centre of Estrie, and was known as the Queen of the Eastern Townships at the beginning of the 20th century.
Sherbrooke is an important university center with eight institutions educating 40,000 students and employing 11,000 people (3,700 of whom are professors, teachers and researchers).[6] The direct economic impact of these institutions exceeds 1 billion dollars.[6] The proportion of university students is of 10.32 students per 100 inhabitants. In proportion to its population, Sherbrooke has the largest concentration of students in Quebec.[7]
Since the nineteenth century, Sherbrooke has also been an important manufacturing center, although this segment of the economy has experienced a considerable transformation in recent decades as a result of the decline of the city's traditional manufacturing sectors. Today, the service sector occupies a prominent place in the economy of the city, as well as a growing knowledge-based economy.[8]
The Sherbrooke region is surrounded by mountains, rivers and lakes. There are several ski hills nearby and various tourist attractions in regional flavor. Mont-Bellevue Park, a large park in the city, is used for downhill skiing.
Originally known as Hyatt's Mill, it was renamed after Sir John Coape Sherbrooke (1764-1840), a British soldier who was Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia (1812-1816), and Governor General of British North America (1816-1818).
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Part of a region historically known as the Eastern Townships, Sherbrooke was first settled in 1793 by American Loyalists, including Gilbert Hyatt, a farmer from Schenectady, New York, who built a flour mill in 1802. The village was named "Hyatt's Mills" until 1818 when the village was renamed after Governor General Sir John Sherbrooke at the time of his retirement and return to England. Despite the town's Anglophone name and heritage, relatively few traces of the city's English past remain, and the vast majority of the city's residents speak French.
The city grew considerably on January 1, 2002, by the mergers of the cities of Sherbrooke, Ascot, Bromptonville, Deauville, Fleurimont, Lennoxville, Rock Forest, and Saint-Élie-d'Orford.
Located at the confluence of the Saint-François (St. Francis) and Magog rivers in the heart of the Eastern Townships and the Estrie administrative region. Sherbrooke is also the name of a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality (TE) and census division (CD) of Quebec, coextensive with the city of Sherbrooke. Its geographical code is 43.
Sherbrooke is the seat of the judicial district of Saint-François.[9]
Sherbrooke has a humid continental climate (Koppen Dfb), with long, cold, and snowy winters, warm summers, and short but crisp springs and autumns. Highs range from −5.7 °C (21.7 °F) in January to 24.7 °C (76.5 °F) in July. In an average year, there are 36 nights at or colder than −20 °C (−4 °F), and 6.5 nights at or colder than −30 °C (−22 °F); 3.4 days will see highs reaching 30 °C (86 °F).[10] Annual snowfall is large, averaging at 294 centimetres (116 in), sometimes falling in May and October. Precipitation is not sparse any time of the year, but is the greatest in summer and fall and at its least from January to April, totaling 1,140 millimetres (44.9 in) annually.
| Climate data for Sherbrooke | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 12.8 (55.0) |
17.1 (62.8) |
23 (73) |
30 (86) |
31.6 (88.9) |
32.6 (90.7) |
33.7 (92.7) |
32.8 (91.0) |
31.1 (88.0) |
27.8 (82.0) |
22.2 (72.0) |
17.8 (64.0) |
33.7 (92.7) |
| Average high °C (°F) | −5.7 (21.7) |
−3.9 (25.0) |
2.1 (35.8) |
9.9 (49.8) |
18.1 (64.6) |
22.1 (71.8) |
24.7 (76.5) |
23.3 (73.9) |
18.3 (64.9) |
11.9 (53.4) |
4.4 (39.9) |
−2.7 (27.1) |
10.2 (50.4) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −18 (0) |
−16.7 (1.9) |
−9.9 (14.2) |
−1.7 (28.9) |
4.0 (39.2) |
8.8 (47.8) |
11.4 (52.5) |
10.4 (50.7) |
5.6 (42.1) |
0.3 (32.5) |
−4.7 (23.5) |
−13.5 (7.7) |
−2 (28.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −38.3 (−36.9) |
−40 (−40) |
−33.4 (−28.1) |
−21.1 (−6.0) |
−6.7 (19.9) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
0.5 (32.9) |
−1.7 (28.9) |
−7.4 (18.7) |
−13.3 (8.1) |
−25.5 (−13.9) |
−37.8 (−36.0) |
−40 (−40) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 78.8 (3.102) |
61.7 (2.429) |
78.8 (3.102) |
79.8 (3.142) |
96.8 (3.811) |
110.8 (4.362) |
117.8 (4.638) |
130.0 (5.118) |
104.7 (4.122) |
92.8 (3.654) |
98.5 (3.878) |
93.8 (3.693) |
1,144.1 (45.043) |
| Rainfall mm (inches) | 19.0 (0.748) |
16.0 (0.63) |
32.2 (1.268) |
57.7 (2.272) |
96.5 (3.799) |
110.8 (4.362) |
117.8 (4.638) |
130.0 (5.118) |
104.7 (4.122) |
90.2 (3.551) |
65.4 (2.575) |
33.8 (1.331) |
873.9 (34.406) |
| Snowfall cm (inches) | 68.7 (27.05) |
51.4 (20.24) |
49.1 (19.33) |
22.4 (8.82) |
0.3 (0.12) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
2.8 (1.1) |
33.5 (13.19) |
66.0 (25.98) |
294.3 (115.87) |
| Avg. precipitation days | 20.2 | 15.9 | 15.8 | 14.8 | 14.7 | 14.8 | 14.4 | 14.8 | 14.3 | 14.4 | 17.6 | 20.5 | 192.2 |
| Avg. rainy days | 3.7 | 3.4 | 6.5 | 11.1 | 14.6 | 14.8 | 14.4 | 14.8 | 14.3 | 13.6 | 11.0 | 5.7 | 127.9 |
| Avg. snowy days | 18.8 | 14.2 | 11.8 | 5.9 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.7 | 9.7 | 17.0 | 79.4 |
| Sunshine hours | 86.1 | 110.0 | 138.1 | 156.3 | 210.1 | 235.4 | 262.1 | 231.6 | 163.2 | 115.9 | 72.7 | 68.3 | 1,849.8 |
| Source: Environment Canada [10] | |||||||||||||
Population trend[11]
| Census | Population | Change (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 2011 | 154,793 | 3.5% |
| 2009 | 149,495 | 2.1% |
| 2006 | 146,372 | 4.6% |
| Merger | 139,938 | 81.4% |
| 2001 | 77,129 | N/A |
from Canada 2006 Census
| Language | Population | Percentage (%) |
|---|---|---|
| French only | 129,970 | 89.89% |
| English only | 5,735 | 3.97% |
| Other languages | 8,245 | 5.7% |
| Ethnic origin | Population | Percent |
|---|---|---|
| Canadian | 117,305 | |
| French | 50,540 | 33.61% |
| Irish | 6,560 | 4.36% |
| English | 5,065 | 3.37% |
| Scottish | 3,070 | 2.04% |
| Québécois | 2,415 | 1.61% |
| North American Indian | 1,805 | 1.20% |
| Italian | 1,505 | 1.00% |
The information regarding ethnicities above is from the 2001 Canadian Census. The percentages add to more than 100% because of dual responses (e.g. "French Canadian" generates an entry in both the category "French" and the category "Canadian".) Groups with greater than 1,500 responses are included.
The Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) includes the cities of Sherbrooke, Magog and Waterville, the Parish of Saint-Denis-de-Brompton; the municipalities of Compton, Stoke, and Ascot Corner, Hatley county and the village of North Hatley.
The population in 2006 was 186,952. Indigenous peoples comprised just over 0.6% of the population.[12]
French was mother tongue to 90.6% of residents (counting both single and multiple responses). The next most common mother tongues were English at 5.6%, Spanish at 1.3%, Arabic and Serbo-Croatian languages at 0.6% each, Persian at 0.4%, Niger–Congo languages at 0.3%, and Chinese and German at 0.2% each. (Percentages may total more than 100% owing to rounding and multiple responses).[13][14]
About 87% of the population identified as Roman Catholic in 2001 while 6% said they had no religious affiliation. Among smaller denominations Statistics Canada counted 1.2% Anglicans, 0.8% Muslims, 0.8% United Church, 0.7% Baptists, 0.5% Eastern Orthodox and 0.3% Jehovah’s Witnesses. Pentecostals and Methodists accounted for 0.2% each, while Buddhists, Presbyterians, Seventh-day Adventists, Mormons and Plymouth Brethren accounted for 0.1% each.[15]
Four thousand recent immigrants (arriving between 2001 and 2006) now comprise about 2% of the total population. Approximately 13% have emigrated from Colombia, 12% from France, 7% from Afghanistan, 6% from each of Morocco and Argentina, 5% from each of Algeria and Congo, 4% from China, and 3% from each of Burundi, Tunisia, and Tanzania. About 2% of these recent immigrants were born in the United States while about 2% were born in Bosnia and Herzegovina.[16]
The merged city is composed of six boroughs: Brompton, Fleurimont, Lennoxville, Mont-Bellevue, Rock Forest–Saint-Élie–Deauville and Jacques-Cartier.
| Borough | Population | City Councillors |
|---|---|---|
| Brompton | 5,956 | 3 |
| Fleurimont | 41,276 | 5 |
| Jacques-Cartier | 30,229 | 4 |
| Lennoxville | 5,195 | 3 |
| Mont-Bellevue | 33,377 | 4 |
| Rock Forest–Saint-Élie–Deauville | 29,191 | 4 |
In 2007, the crime rate was 5,491 per 100,000.[18]
In 2007 Canadian Business Magazine Magazine ranked Sherbrooke as the top place to do business in Canada.[18] The report cites large increases in commercial building permits (23%), strong exports, a highly educated workforce, a low unemployment rate, and a low cost of living index (64.3).
Sherbrooke is also the centre of an dairy agricultural region.
Sherbrooke has eight institutions that make up the Sherbrooke University Pole,[19] which educates some 40,000 students and employs about 11,000 persons.[20] University students comprise 10.32% of the population, the highest concentration in Quebec.[21]
The city is the location of one French language university, the Université de Sherbrooke, and an English language university, Bishop's University. U de S is a comprehensive university with schools of medicine and law and extensive graduate programs. Bishop's is smaller and predominantly undergraduate. There are three CEGEPs in Sherbrooke, two of them French-language, the Cégep de Sherbrooke and the Séminaire de Sherbrooke, and one English-language, Champlain College Lennoxville.
Sherbrooke Airport, in Cookshire-Eaton is just east of the city. There are currently no scheduled flights operating out of the airport.
Transdev Limocar provides bus service to Montreal via Granby and Magog. Formerly, Autobus Jordez linked Sherbrooke to Drummondville and Trois-Rivières, and also to Victoriaville and Quebec City, but since the company lost their licence to operate heavy vehicles,[22] they sold their licence to Autobus La Québécoise, who now provide the service.
Société de transport de Sherbrooke (STS) provides bus service within the city. It operates 17 bus routes, 11 minibus routes, and 5 taxibus routes.
The city is located at the eastern terminus of A-10, and directly on the Autoroute Trans-Québécoise (A-55). A-10 provides a direct freeway connection to Montreal and points west, while A-55 connects directly to Trois-Rivières, Shawinigan, and points north, as well as to Interstate 91 to the south (Vermont). A-410 and A-610 are the southern and northern bypass roads, respectively.
The suburban Sherbrooke University Hospital ("CHUS" or "Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbooke) has over 5,200 employees, including 550 doctors. It includes a clinical research facility, the Etienne-Lebel Research Center.
The Sherbrooke Expos of the Ligue de Baseball Senior Élite du Québec play their home games at Amedée Roy Stadium. Sherbrooke has been home to baseball teams from the Eastern League, Canadian Baseball League and Ligue de Baseball Élite du Québec in addition to hosting the 2002 World Junior Baseball Championships.
| Le Val-Saint-François | ||||
| Le Haut-Saint-François | ||||
| Sherbrooke | ||||
| Memphrémagog | Coaticook |
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